Plagiarism

A.Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work

Plagiarism is considered academy dishonesty and a breach of Journalistic ethics. it is subject to sanctions such as penalties, suspension, expulsion from school or work, substantial fines and even incarceration.

Plagiarism is not in itself a crime, but like counterfeiting fraud can be punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights, or tort. In academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense. Plagiarism and copyright infringement overlap to a considerable extent, but they are not equivalent concepts, and many types of plagiarism do not constitute copyright infringement, which is defined by copyright law and may be adjudicated by courts.

Plagiarism might not be the same in all countries. Some countries like India and Poland consider plagiarism to be a crime, and there have been cases of people being imprisoned for plagiarizing. In other instances plagiarism might be the complete opposite of "academic dishonesty," in fact some counties find the act of plagiarizing a professional's work flattering. Students who move to the United States from countries where plagiarism is not frowned upon often find the transition difficult.

B. types of Plagiarism

1.Complete Plagiarism

is the most severe form of plagiarism where a researcher takes a manuscript or study that 

someone else created, and submits it under his or her name. It is tantamount to intellectual 

theft and stealing.

2.Source-Based Plagiarism

Plagiarism may occur because of the different types of sources. For example, when a 

researcher references a source that is incorrect or does not exist, it is a misleading citation. 

Plagiarism also occurs when a researcher uses a secondary source of data or information, 

but only cites the primary source of information. Both these types lead to an increase in the 

number of references sources. This, in turn, increases the citation number of the references.

3.Direct Plagiarism

Direct or verbatim plagiarism occurs when an author copies the text of another author, word for word, without the use of quotation marks or attribution, thus passing it as his or her own. In that way, it is like complete plagiarism, but it refers to sections (rather than all) of another paper. This type of plagiarism is considered dishonest and it calls for academic disciplinary actions. It is not as common, but it is a serious infraction of academic rules and ethics.

4.Accidental Plagiarism

Whether intended or unintended, there is no excuse for plagiarism and the consequences are often the same. However, plagiarism may be accidental if it occurred because of neglect, mistake, or unintentional paraphrasing. Students are likely to commit accidental plagiarism, so universities should stress on the importance of education about this form of plagiarism.

5.Mosaic Plagiarism

Mosaic plagiarism may be more difficult to detect because it interlays someone else’s phrases or text within its own research. It is also known as patchwork plagiarism and it is intentional and dishonest.

6.Self or Auto Plagiarism

Auto-plagiarism, also known as self-plagiarism or duplication, happens when an author reuses significant portions of his or her previously published work without attribution. Thus, this type of plagiarism is most likely to involve published researchers, rather than university students. The severity of this kind of infraction is under debate, depending on the copied content. Many academic journals, however, have strict criteria on the percentage of author’s work that is reusable. Many journals run manuscripts through a plagiarism-detection software before considering them for review.

C.The Rules of Plagiarism Law/Copyright Laws in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the issue of copyright is regulated in the Copyright Act (undang undang hak 

cipta), that is, currently in effect, Law Number 19 of 2002. on the inside, the notion of copyright 

is "the exclusive right for the creator or recipient of the right to announce or reproduce his work 

or give permission for it without reducing restrictions in accordance with applicable laws and 

regulations "

source:

https://elsanav.wordpress.com/2013/12/29/peraturan-mengenai-plagiarisme/

https://www.enago.com/academy/fraud-research-many-types-plagiarism/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism